Load factor is the ratio between the lift generated by the wings and the total weight of the aircraft—it measures the stress placed upon the aircraft structure. In straight and level flight the load factor is +1g, but in a 60-degree banked turn the load factor is doubled to +2g’s—or twice the weight. Normal category aircraft must be capable of withstanding +3.8 g’s and -1.52 g’s. Negative g’s occur when the wing flexes downward and give the sensation of rising up out of the seat. The load factor for any given airplane during a level coordinated turn is determined solely by the angle of bank.