Landings

An unstable approach should be considered a malfunction and a go around should be initiated. An approach becomes unstable when our speed, descent rate, and/or vertical/lateral flight path fall outside of expected norms. An approach is generally considered stable when the aircraft is on the correct flight path and the path is maintained with only small changes in heading and pitch; speed isn't more than Vref + 20 or below Vref; and sink rate isn't greater than 1000 feet per minute. If an approach becomes un-stabilized below 1000 feet in IMC or below 500 feet in VMC, an immediate go around should be executed.

For crosswind landings, use minimal flaps to have more control of the airplane. Crab into wind, then before touchdown line up with runway but use ailerons to dip the wing into the wind while using opposite rudder.

Slip left or right? It depends on the crosswind—Always slip with the lower wing toward the wind or you won't stay aligned with the runway. Also, make sure to point the nose down or you will lose airspeed instead of altitude.